Isolation of spermatogenic cells The undifferentiated spermatogonia were isolated fromLin28-YFP knockin mice. Testes from 3-week-oldLin28-YFP knockin mice were collected and digested by type I collagenase and 0.25% Trypsin as described previously25. After centrifugation, the pellet was resuspended in...
Trophic interactions and food webs by definition encompass multiple groups of organisms. Freshwater food webs are well-resolved17, and frequently exhibit distinct features, such as highly nested structures18and prevalent omnivory17,19. Nevertheless, food-web studies often have a localised perspective due...
RNA isolation and probe preparation RNA was isolated from 4 individual leaves as separate biological replicates using the Triazol method (Invitrogen) followed by RNeasy column purification (Qiagen). RNA was amplified using a MessageAmp II (Ambion) and then labeled with Cy3 or Cy5 using reverse tra...
This definition suggests that the processing of synchrony and temporal order between sensory stimuli are highly related mechanisms. However, the minimum temporal interval necessary for two stimuli to be perceived as nonsimultaneous (defined as the “fusion threshold;” Exner,1875) does not coincide wit...
About one third of vascular plants develop glandular trichomes, which produce defensive compounds that repel herbivores and act as a natural biofactory for important pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin and cannabinoids. However, only a few regulators of
Trypsin (cleavage at K,R) was used as the enzyme definition, allowing two missed cleavages. Mascot was searched with a parent ion tolerance of 10 ppm and a fragment ion mass tolerance of 0.02 Da (QExactive Plus). Iodoacetamide derivative of cysteine was specified in Mascot as a fixed ...
The definition of the transcriptomic biomarker ai is not unique, since any vector, orthogonal to bi can be added to the projector ai without changing the prediction results significantly, especially if the experimental noise (such as batch effects) is large. The best possible candidate for the tr...
The collective behaviour of a complex system cannot be understood and predicted by considering the basic units of the system in isolation1,2. Complex networks3,4are often used to represent complex systems and thenin which the basic unit of interaction, the edge, represents pairwise interactions....
shifting the equilibrium toward the hnRNPA1-unbound state of telomere. Biochemical studies showed that incubation of hnRNPA1-coated telomere DNA with TERRA led to isolation of naked telomere DNA, suggesting that the presence of TERRA at telomeres promote the dissociation of hnRNPA1 from the telomere...
Alternatively, it could also correspond to the increase in efficiency of an origin undetectable in other species. Our definition of an origin loss is the inactivation of a previously active origin at the chromosomal level, regardless of its capacity to sustain the autonomous replication of a ...