The tremendous diversity in biology, morphology and life history of the organisms known as the algae, as well as their polyphyletic evolutionary history, make a simple, practical definition of the group impossible (see, for example, Mattox and Stewart, 1984; Bold and Wynne, 1985; van den Hoek...
Rab7 proteins participate in the maturation and biogenesis of lysosomes [34,36]. They are also involved in fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes with primary phagosomes in specialized phagocyte
Biological species concept: This is the most commonly used definition of a "species," whereby populations of organisms are determined to belong to the same species if their members interbreed and produce viable offspring. Cladogenetic: adjective referring to evolution through splitting events. If a...
Overall, the definition of 3 main antigenic variants was established based on specific amino acid markers located in a precise capsid position. However, the detection of several minor variants and incongruence observed between the antigenic classification and phylogeny have posed doubts on the ...
simple independent local mediation models on subcompositions. This tree-guided approach effectively enriches mediation signals that tend to cluster on the phylogenetic tree and boosts the power of the test for weak mediation effects among taxa. Moreover, PhyloMed accounts for the compositional nature ...
Traditionally, Karstenula has been assigned to Melanommataceae, but the immersed ascomata, narrowly cellular pseudoparaphyses and reddish-brown, muriform ascospores fit the definition of Montagnulaceae (Barr 2001), and this placement is confirmed by the present phylogenetic data (Fig. 1). The...
Despite the fact that different partitions of the data may evolve under different models of evolution and partitioned analyses are therefore preferred [75], alternative Bayesian analyses that combined data for the nuclear and plastid DNA into a single partition were conducted, since by definition they...
Thus, the tree approaches full definition, down to 2.91 mutations per character (from 4.03 in the initial tree), or 6.62 mutations per leaf (from 9.19). Note the significant decrease from random pairwise distances, indicating high compatibility. Lack of information, as present in flexible ...
MolecularPhylogeny Whyisthemodelimportant?•Overtime,nucleotideswithinasequencecan‘evolve’throughsubstitution(ti/tv,previouslyts/tv).•Themaindrivingforcebehindevolution.•nucleotide→protein→organism’sfeatures –may(dN),or↑maynot(dS)•Onaverage,thisformofmutationonlyoccursonceortwiceeverymillionyears...
Assembling the history of the Parareptilia: phylogeny, diversification, and a new definition of the clade. Fossil Record 12, 71–81 (2009). Article Google Scholar Bickelmann, C., Müller, J. & Reisz, R. R. The enigmatic diapsid Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui (Reptilia: Neodiapsida) from ...