8、angiospermphylogeny被子植物系统发育 9、phylogenyrelations 系统发育关系 10、pitheciaphylogeny木贼属系统发育 11、phylogenydescription 系统发育描述 12、phylogenydefinition in biology 生物学中的系统发育定义 13、phylogenyof fungi 真菌系统发育 14、didelphidaephylogeny蚤科系统发育 ...
The assembly of reliable and complete protein-protein interaction (PPI) maps remains one of the significant challenges in systems biology. Computational methods which integrate and prioritize interaction data can greatly aid in approaching this goal. We
Planomonads are commonly found in surveys, largely of marine environments (Al-Qassab et al., 2002, Larsen and Patterson, 1990, Lee and Patterson, 2000, Patterson and Lee, 2000), since Hänel (1979) first described freshwater examples. Cavalier-Smith et al. (2008) established the order Plan...
Traditionally, Karstenula has been assigned to Melanommataceae, but the immersed ascomata, narrowly cellular pseudoparaphyses and reddish-brown, muriform ascospores fit the definition of Montagnulaceae (Barr 2001), and this placement is confirmed by the present phylogenetic data (Fig. 1). The...
A revised, apomorphy-based definition of elasmobranchs is presented in which they are considered the equivalent of neoselachians, i.e. a monophyletic group of modern sharks and rays which not only excludes all stem and crown holocephalans, but also many Palaeozoic shark-like chondrichthyans ...
Rodents are recognized as hosts for at least 60 zoonotic diseases and may represent a serious threat for human health. In the context of global environmental changes and increasing mobility of humans and animals, contacts between pathogens and potential
The classification of royal ferns (Osmundaceae) has long remained controversial. Recent molecular phylogenies indicate that Osmunda is paraphyletic and needs to be separated into Osmundastrum and Osmunda s.str. Here, however, we describe an exquisitely p
Taking the definition of the specific heat, C, as(3)C=σ2(cost function)T2,where σ2 denotes the variance of the cost function and T is the current temperature, one can compute C for simulated annealing runs on the computer and observe similar transitions (Kirkpatrick et al., 1983, ...
such as the precise definition of a “character” (that is, an observable feature, or trait, of an organism), required subjective decisions, thereby reducing the credibility of phenetics as an objective approach to phylogeny. Although the tabulation of common characters remains very important in ...
Gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule—unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally ‘naked seeds’) are borne in c