For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size (M= 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.Correa, Amor A.Rogers, RichardWilliams, Margot M....
Impact of trauma history and coaching on malingering of posttraumatic stress disorder using the PAI, TSI, and M-FAST. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 17, (4), 577 - 592.Guriel-Tennant, J, Fremouw, W (2006) Impact of trauma history and coaching on malingering of ...
The construction and subsequent validation studies are reviewed for three standard indicators: Negative Impression Management (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), and Rogers Discriminant Function (RDF). Three new supplemental indicators have been introduced with the PAI-plus interpretive report (Morey, 2020 ...