"the dog's gruff barking" "hoarse cries" "makes all the instruments sound powerful but husky"- Virgil Thomson gruff同义词 adj. 粗暴的;粗哑的;脾气坏的 outrageous,bearish vt. 粗鲁地说;生硬地说 mouth off vi. 粗鲁地说;生硬地说话