The hypoglossal nerve (n.) (XII) is the sole motor nerve to the tongue and the lingual n. (from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal n. [V]), and branches from the facial n. (VII), glossopharyngeal n. (IX), and vagus n. (X) provide regular and special sensory innervation. ...
ALDES, L. The enkephalinergic innervation of the genioglossus musculature in the rat: implications for the respiratory control of the tongue. Brain Res. 780: 67-73, 1998.Aldes LD. The enkephalinergic innervation of the genioglos- sus musculature in the rat: implications for the respiratory ...
Most functional electrical stimulation (FES) research has focused on the spinal cord-injured patient whose muscles are paralyzed but still maintain their innervation. This article details the investigation of FES of the laryngeal muscles. In time, FES may become a useful treatment for bilateral vocal...
The horizontal had a slow muscle fiber profile and simple innervation pattern; these qualities are possibly related to its single force vector and respiratory related activity. The oblique compartment had a relatively fast muscle fiber profile with evidence for three separate functional subdivisions. The...
Previous work describing dilatory patterns during inspiration suggests that regional compartments of the tongue may have independent movement during breathing related to selective innervation by distal projections of the medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve. Building on this work, the current study sought...